Some call it the “acne antibiotic game”. First comes tetracycline, then comes doxycycline, and then your doctor finally recommends erythromycin. But what do you do when these common antibiotics fail to control your acne outbreaks? Well typically, your dermatologist might suggest isotretinoin- the ultimate prescription acne drug.

But why is isotretinoin the final pharmaceutical answer for acne? It’s probably because excessive or inappropriate usage of antibiotics could lead to gram-negative folliculitis. Gram-negative folliculitis is caused by bacterial interference, and replacement of the gram-positive bacteria on the face and within the mucous membranes of the nose, with gram-negative bacteria.

And while acne is readily diagnosed, according to a study in the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, incidences of gram-negative folliculitis are probably underestimated in patients with re-occurring and difficult to treat acne.

Even though isotretinoin has been successfully used to treat gram-negative folliculitis, this potent acne drug is not always accessible to acne sufferers because of health or monetary reasons. So the question arises- are there other methods to control or destroy gram-negative bacteria and bring acne outbreaks under control?

Two proteins that bring acne aggravating bacteria under control Researchers from the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Denver, Colorado have discovered that the protein lactoferrin changes the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. As lactoferrin disrupts the protective barrier of the gram-negative bacterium, this new vulnerability allows another anti-microbial protein called lysozyme to further destroy the bacterium.

At-home acne remedy The gram-negative fighters lactoferrin and lysozyme occur naturally in products such as milk. Likewise, whey protein contains several anti-bacterial proteins including lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and immunoglobulins. You can make an at-home acne mask to help abate pimple outbreaks by using whey protein. (Whey protein is widely available in health food stores.)

Step 1: Cleanse your face using warm water and a clean washcloth. Pat face dry.

Step 2: In a bowl, mix one tablespoon of whey protein with just enough water to create a paste.

Step 3: Apply the paste to your face and allow to dry for 5-10 minutes

Step 4: Rinse off the paste with warm water and a face cloth. Apply moisturizer.

You can use this whey mask once a day as a natural part of your acne control regime. Sources: B?ni, R and B Nehrhoff. Treatment of Gram-Negative Folliculitis in Patients with Acne. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology; 2003, vol 4, no 4, pp 273-276(4).

Ellison RT & TJ Giehl. Killing of Gram-negative Bacteria by Lactoferrin and Lysozyme. The Journal of Clinical Investigation; 1991 October, no 88(4), pp 1080-1091.

Neubert, Uwe, Thomas Jansen & Gerd Plewig. Bacteriologic and Immunologic Aspects of Gram-negative Folliculitis: A study of 46 patients. International Journal of Dermatology; 1999 April, vol 38, no 4, pp 270-274(5).

S?verin, Sindayikengera & Xia Wenshui. Milk Biologically Active Components as Nutraceuticals: Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition; 2005 October-December, vol 45, no 7-8, Number 7-8, pp 645-656(12).

Copyright (c) 2007 Naweko Nicole Dial

Acne can become a bothersome problem not only for teens but for adults as well. Many factors come into play for controlling acne and other skin problems and taking antibiotics for acne is one way to help combat this situation. Consulting with a dermatologist can provide answers and help to have improved and clearer-looking skin.

Some doctors will recommend that not all people need to take antibiotics for their acne and instead prescribe a selection of products for each skin problem. Mild acne is usually controlled by “over-the-counter” products that can be found at most pharmacies and do not require a prescription from a doctor. There is a large selection of products available but it is important to find a successful one and be constant in using it, above all because changing from product to product can cause a more dramatic skin problem. If the acne develops into a complicated skin problem or lasts for many weeks, consulting a dermatologist is recommended.

Dermatologists recommend Benzoyl Peroxide to help kill bacteria on the skin’s surface. Benzoyl Peroxide works as an antiseptic and helps to reduce the number of clogged pores. This method is successful in killing the existing acne but does not prevent new bacteria from growing. The most common side effects of Benzoyl Peroxide are skin dryness or irritation. If this should occur, using a 5-10% solution should help to lessen the irritated area. Some people experience an allergy to Benzoyl Peroxide that can manifest itself as itchiness and redness. If an allergic reaction does occur, use a lower strength of Peroxide or stop using the product to help the skin to heal.

Salicylic Acid is also prescribed to unclog pores and start skin renewal. This product should be used consistently to see results. This medication can lead to a drying of the skin and could result in a redness or skin peeling effect. While using these products, avoid harsh abrasive soaps, alcohol-based cleansers, any skin drying or medicated cosmetics or any other products to be applied to the skin unless directed by a doctor. Using this product can affect pregnancy, as it is absorbed by the skin, so you should certainly consult a health professional before using it. Avoid use of Salicylic Acid also if using Benzoyl Peroxide, Sulfur or Retin A.

A product called Tretinoin or Retin-A can give the skin a healthy glow as it causes sloughing, in which the first skin layer is gently removed to promote healthy new layers to form. This is a product containing Vitamin A and is used in topical form, applied directly onto the skin up to several times per day. Skin can become very sensitive and be affected by sunlight.

Oral antibiotics usually prescribed by dermatologists include Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxcycline and Erythromycin. These are all taken orally, and are usually combined with topical solutions. Most antibiotics for acne can cause side effects. For example, sunburn risk is heightened as the skin becomes photosensitive, and other possible problems may include an upset stomach, lightheadedness, rashes, lupus-like symptoms and discoloration of the skin. In most cases the side effects are only slight to moderate, but you should notify your doctor if any changes arise. Continue to take all prescribed medications until the doctor advises differently.

Acne is a troublesome situation that can affect many people throughout their teens and into adulthood. In order to combat it, you should always follow your doctor’s advice, while taking antibiotics and other medications can certainly help to control the most troublesome symptoms.